1.Promoter Strength: The promoter controls the initiation of transcription. By selecting promoters with varying strengths, you can regulate the level of gene expression. Strong promoters like T7 can lead to high expression, but may also cause cell stress, while weaker promoters might result in more balanced expression. 

Refolding inclusion bodies involves solubilizing the aggregated protein and then inducing it to fold correctly into its functional form. 

Inclusion bodies are insoluble aggregates of proteins that can form during the expression of recombinant proteins in prokaryotic expression systems, such as E. coli. The primary causes of inclusion body formation include: 

Prokaryotic expression systems, such as those based on Escherichia coli, can be used to express eukaryotic proteins, but there are several important considerations:

The  E. coli expression system  is one of the most widely used methods for protein production due to its well-characterized nature and efficiency. Here are some key characteristics: