RNA Synthesis & Modifications—What is the difference between siRNA and sgRNA

What is the difference between siRNA and sgRNA?

siRNA (small interfering RNA) and sgRNA (single guide RNA) are both short RNA molecules involved in RNA-mediated gene silencing, but they function in different RNA interference pathways and have distinct roles. Here are the key differences:

Feature	siRNA	sgRNA
Function	RNA interference (gene silencing)	CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing
Target	mRNA (post-transcriptionally)	DNA (for genetic modification)
Structure	20-25 base pairs, duplex	100-120 nucleotides, single guide
Origin	Derived from long dsRNA or synthetic	Engineered RNA, part of CRISPR-Cas9 system
Purpose	Gene silencing or knockdown	Gene editing (DNA modification)
Applications	Functional genomics, therapeutics	Genome editing, gene knockout
Mechanism	mRNA degradation via RISC	DNA cleavage via Cas9 endonuclease

In summary, siRNA is used for RNA-based gene silencing by targeting mRNA, while sgRNA is used in CRISPR-Cas9 systems for precise genome editing at the DNA level. Both are powerful tools but serve different purposes in molecular biology and gene therapy.

GenCefe Biotech provides high-quality siRNA, miRNA, sgRNA, and custom RNA synthesis services. We can design and synthesize RNA Oligos of different lengths, different forms, and with various modifications according to customer’s needs, and also synthesize RNA sequences designed by customers. The RNA products we deliver are all purified by HPLC. ISO 9001-certified facilities and comprehensive quality control reports ensure the delivery of high-quality products.

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